Establish the contribution early
The title, abstract and introduction should accurately describe the same paper. We can flag a missing research question, an unclear contribution or a mismatch between the promised study and the evidence presented. An editor can improve the explanation; additional research remains an author decision.
Edit according to the article type
An empirical paper, theoretical argument, policy analysis, case study and review article need different structures. Use the target journal’s article category and disciplinary conventions. We review transitions, section balance and repetition without imposing a medical format on every subject.
Preserve technical meaning
Unclear terminology, equations, quotations and methodological statements are returned as queries. The author confirms any substantive change. Results must remain consistent across the abstract, text, tables and figures, including null or unexpected findings.
Deliver a version you can review
A practical handover can include tracked changes, editorial comments, a style sheet and a clean version if agreed. Review all changes before submission and acknowledge assistance according to the journal’s instructions. If journal selection, formatting or statistical analysis is required, list those tasks explicitly.
Scope, files and delivery
Start with a short project brief. We assess the work, discuss the expertise required and confirm the deliverables, fee, schedule and included revisions in writing. Share the current version and the instructions that govern it. Additional data, a new target journal or a substantially changed brief may require a revised scope. You review the proposed changes and retain responsibility for the research.