Choose the visual for the question
A table may be best when readers need exact values; a chart may reveal a pattern more quickly. Use a process diagram for steps or a conceptual model for relationships. Avoid adding three-dimensional effects that change how values appear.
Make the evidence explicit
Label axes, units, groups, time points and uncertainty. Explain denominators and abbreviations in table notes or legends. Keep the figure consistent with the analysis output and identify any transformation used for presentation.
Design for different readers
Use sufficient contrast and avoid relying on colour alone to distinguish important groups. Check labels at the final display size. Where supported, add alternative text that explains the purpose and main information without simply repeating the caption.
Check files and permissions
Follow the journal’s size, resolution and file-format requirements. Retain an editable version and record the source data. Obtain required permissions for reused material and disclose image adjustments according to the applicable policy.