Project overview
This prospective observational study assessed electrolyte disturbances in 100 term neonates with perinatal asphyxia, stratified by Sarnat and Sarnat stages of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Electrolytes—including sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium—were measured on Days 1, 3, and 7 post-birth. Findings revealed that hyponatremia and hypocalcemia were significantly more common in moderate and severe HIE cases, affecting up to 60% and 72% respectively. Hyperkalemia was also notable, especially in Stage III HIE. These imbalances correlated with higher rates of seizures, need for mechanical ventilation, and increased early neonatal mortality. While magnesium levels fluctuated, hypomagnesemia was less prominent. Early correction of these abnormalities supported better clinical stability by the first week. The study underscores the importance of routine electrolyte monitoring and timely intervention to improve outcomes in neonates suffering from perinatal asphyxia. Larger, multicentric studies with long-term follow-up are recommended to further validate these findings and guide clinical protocols.
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