Project overview
This retrospective study assessed the safety profile of off-label nebulized or topical tranexamic acid (TXA) in 100 adults with hemoptysis of varying etiology. Most patients (70%) received TXA via nebulization, and the remainder through topical endobronchial application. Post-tubercular sequelae and active tuberculosis were the leading causes of hemoptysis. Within 72 hours of administration, 85% experienced bleeding control. Mild adverse events were recorded in 10% of patients—primarily transient palpitations (8%) and nasal heaviness (2%). No moderate or severe complications were observed, and no patients required hospitalization for TXA-related issues. The findings suggest that nebulized or topical TXA is generally safe, with a low incidence of mild, self-limiting side effects. However, the study acknowledges limitations such as its retrospective design, absence of objective bleeding metrics, and lack of a control group.
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